The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The total population is over 58 million, with more than 8 million people living in the capital — London.
Some other well-known cities and towns in the UK include:
- Edinburgh — the capital of Scotland, famous for its historic castle and rich cultural heritage.
- Stratford-upon-Avon — the birthplace of William Shakespeare, one of the most celebrated writers in history.
- Liverpool — a major port city, also famous as the hometown of the legendary band, The Beatles.
- Cambridge and Oxford — two cities known around the world for their prestigious universities.
The official head of state is the monarch. In London, the King or Queen resides in Buckingham Palace, a top destination for tourists from around the world.
Britain has many rivers and lakes. The River Thames is the most important, flowing through London. One of the most famous lakes is Loch Ness in Scotland, known for the legendary Loch Ness Monster — "Nessie."
Each part of the UK has its own main city and national symbol:
Scotland is known for its mountains, with Ben Nevis being the tallest peak in the UK. Its national symbol is the thistle.
Wales has its capital in Cardiff, and the daffodil is its symbol.
Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland. The shamrock is its national emblem.
The national flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It represents the unity of the four nations.
The official currency of the United Kingdom is the British pound sterling (£).
The British climate is humid and changeable. Winters are generally mild, and summers are not too hot. Rain is frequent, so carrying an umbrella is always a good idea.