The Meaning of the Word “Christmas”

The Meaning of the Word Christmas and Why We Say Xmas

The Origin of the Word “Christmas”

The term “Christmas” comes from the phrase “Mass of Christ”, which was eventually shortened to “Christ-Mass”. A more abbreviated form, “Xmas,” first appeared in Europe during the 1500s. The “X” represents the Greek letter Chi (Χ), the first letter of the Greek spelling of Christ’s name – Χριστός (Christos). So, “Xmas” simply stands for “Christ’s Mass.”

Historical research confirms that Jesus was almost certainly not born on December 25th. That date was selected by early Christian leaders to align with popular pagan festivals celebrated by the Romans — particularly those honoring Saturn, the god of agriculture, and Mithras, the god of light. These festivals were held around the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere.

By choosing this date, early Christians linked the symbolic birth of Jesus — the Light of the World — with existing traditions that celebrated the return of the sun and the promise of renewed life. It was a way to transform cultural customs into a celebration of spiritual hope and continuity.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Where does the word Christmas come from?

From "Mass of Christ", shortened over time to "Christ-Mass" and then to Christmas. The word records what the day originally was – a church service – rather than anything about trees, presents or winter.

Why is Christmas written as Xmas?

Because X is not a letter of the Latin alphabet here but the Greek letter Chi, the first letter of Χριστός, the Greek spelling of Christ. Xmas therefore says exactly what Christmas says, and the abbreviation goes back to Europe in the 1500s.

Is writing Xmas disrespectful?

Some people feel it removes Christ from the word, which is why it is avoided in formal writing, but historically it does the opposite: the X stands for Christ. It is best treated as an informal spelling – fine on a card, out of place in an essay.
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